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Psychological Strategy Board
The Psychological Strategy Board was a committee of the United States executive formed to coordinate and plan for psychological operations. It was formed on April 4, 1951, during the Truman administration. The board was composed of the Under Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and the Director of Central Intelligence, or their designated representatives. The board's first director was Gordon Gray, later National Security Advisor during the Eisenhower administration. The board was created in response to the growth of Office of Policy Coordination covert activities during the Korean War.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Foreign Relations 1964-1968, Volume XXVI, Indonesia; Malaysia-Singapore; Philippines: Note on U.S. Covert Action Programs )〕
Under Eisenhower, the board became a purely coordinating body. The board's function was reviewed by the Jackson Committee, chaired by William Harding Jackson, set up to propose future United States Government information and psychological warfare programs. The committee concluded that the board had been established on the assumption that psychological strategy could be conducted separately from official policy and actions, an assumption the committee disagreed with.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. President's Committee on International Information Activities (Jackson Committee): Records, 1950-53 )〕 It was abolished September 3, 1953 by Executive Order, with its responsibilities being transferred to the Operations Coordinating Board.
== Purpose ==
After World War II, the atmosphere altered: wars could not be won through bloodshed but by winning the hearts and minds of people. Consequently, the Truman administration changed their foreign policy from traditional warfare to psychological warfare.
The American government perceived Soviet actions as a threat to democracy. This was evident from the South Korean invasion by North Korea. The Psychological Strategy Board (PSB) was set up to produce propaganda that would win the opinion of people around the world and prevent the spread of Communism. According to a report by the State Department, “convincing a foreign official is less important than carrying an issue over his head to his people” as the people will have a greater influence on the official’s action. As a result, the PSB was formed to create propaganda which subconsciously turned people towards democracy. While working for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, historian Edward P. Lilly wrote a 1,400 page study of United States psychological warfare during World War II, which is available among Lilly's papers at the Eisenhower Library in Abilene, Kansas; and Lilly also wrote a book chapter on the PSB.〔Harold D. Langley, "Edward P. Lilly," ''Perspectives'', Vol. 33 (Nov. 1995): 30-31; ("Guide to the Edward P. Lilly Papers, 1928-1992," ) Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas; Edward P. Lilly, "The Psychological Strategy Board and its Predecessors: Foreign Policy Coordination 1938-1953," in Gaetano L. Vincitorio (ed.), ''Studies in Modern History'' (St. John's University Press, 1968), 337-382.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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